Use of Night and Darkness in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

Use of Night and Darkness in Macbeth Shakespeare is known for his descriptively rich plays. He also ways does an excellent job of describing both the characters as well as the setting. One specific area of the play MacBeth is the use of night and darkness to show evil or happening that are not right. Examples of this are the many appearances of the witches, the murders that occur, and the conflicts that MacBeth faces with his mental health. The following three paragraphs will further discuss these topics. The first example of Shakespeare’s use of night and darkness in the appearances of the three witches. The witch sisters are the main sources of evil within the play MacBeth. When the witches are in an act, storms or the darkness of the woods always accompanies them. This shows great evilness. " Thunder and lightning. Enter three witches." This is the opening scene description just before the introduction to the witches. This shows their evil nature as the are followed by rough storms in dark conditions. Another quote is " Fair is fowl and fowl is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air." This is another example of the disgusting and dirty, dark atmosphere around the witches. Then, towards the end of Hecate’s, queen of witches, speech, she says "Hark! I am called. My little spirit, see: Sits a foggy cloud and it stays for me." This shows a clear mental picture of the fogy, ugly conditions, which are prominent, when the witches are around. So this is a very good exampl e of Shakespeare being able to link darkness and stormy conditions with evil. The second example of Shakespeare writing techniques to show evil as darkness is the number of murders and when it was that they occurred. When there was a murder, it was often committed at night or in the dark. This then also ties in with the entire connection of darkness with evil, murder being the source of evil. The most known example of murder is when MacBeth kills Banquo. During his speech where he is proceeding to kill Banquo he says " ...Nature seems dead, and wicked dreams abuse the curtained sleep. Witchcraft celebrates pale Hecate’s offerings , and withered Murder , alarumed by his sentiel , the wolf , who’s howl’s his watch....." The references to the dreams, sleep, witches and the wolf’s howl all depict the nighttime as this is when most of those words are seen.

What Is Fire Safety Engineering Environmental Sciences Essay

IntroductionFire safety applied scientists utilize fire scientific discipline and engineering to protect human life and human belongings in instance of fire. It involves fire safety design, fire safety technology and fire safety direction for the design intent. Over the past several centuries, fire safety technology has evolved significantly, from early applications to forestall inferno to the latest application of fire restrictions such as fire compartmentalisation. The developments of fire safety applied scientist seem to be matured until the ulterior portion of twentieth century, particularly after 911 event. Therefore, fire safety applied scientists must see important ethical concerns such as professional behavious and proof of theoretical accounts.DefinitionWhat is â€Å" Fire Safety Engineering † ? Harmonizing to the definition by the Institution of Fire Engineers of UK â€Å" The application of scientific and technology rules, regulations ( Codes ) , and adept judgement, based on an apprehension of phenomena and effects of fire and of the reaction and behavior of people to fire, to protect people, belongings and the environment from the destructive effects of fire. † Fire safety technology represent a group of professional applied scientist with broad cognition about fire in term of fire and human behavior. Harmonizing to the society of fire protection applied scientist of US, it indicates that the major aim of fire safety technology is application of technology rules and fire scientific discipline to protect human life and belongings from destructive fire, which including following important activities ( Institution of Fire Engineers of UK ) : Fire jeopardies analysis extenuation of fire harm by proper design, building, agreement, and usage of edifices stuffs, constructions, industrial procedures, and transit systems the design, installing and care of fire sensing and suppression and communicating systems, and post/fire probe and analysis. is familiar with the nature and features of fire and the associated merchandises of burning understands how fires originate, spread within and outside of buildings/structures, and can be detected, controlled, and/or extinguished, and is able to expect the behaviour of stuffs, constructions, machines, setup, and procedures every bit related to the protection of life and belongings from fire.Role of fire safety technologyHarmonizing to the Society of Fire Protection Engineers, a fire safety applied scientist applies scientific discipline and technology rules to protect people, places, workplaces, concerns and environment from destructive fires. Fire applied scientists analyze how edifices are used, how fires start and grow, and how fires and fume affects people and human behavior. For the latest fire protection engineerings, fire safety applied scientists can plan fire control system, sensing and communicating system and supply agencies of flight program by evaluate different fire scenarios within the edifice. Furthermore, fire safety research on fire rated merchandises and building stuffs are normally conducted presents, which reinforces applied scientists ‘ function to look into fire to detect fire behavior such as fire spreads, smoke spreads, protective steps and those critical opposition demand. Safety and cost effectivity in design has to balanced in order to supply equal protection for both belongings and its residents.Prescriptive codificationsFor general fire technology design, applied scientists will reexamine a proposal design for regulative conformity or local codification, such as Code of Practice, Building Regulations A & A ; B and NFPA Life Safety Code, which are called normative codifications. Prescriptive codification provide a counsel on effectual fire safety direction schemes with a complete solution in footings of safety programs, system procedures and direction tools, in order to set up a solid foundation to back up technology designs.Alternate attackFire Safety Engineering offers an alternate attack to accomplishing fire safe design solutions when compared to prescriptive codifications and regulative controls. The public presentation based methodological analysiss associated with fire technology provide chances for a hazard based rating to accomplish greater degrees of safety whilst leting the interior decorator and designer more range in accomplishing their aspirations for modern designs. In most instances the costs of supplying acceptable degrees of fire safety are lessened when following a fire engineered design solution. Harmonizing to Approved Document B â€Å" Fire Safety † in the Building Regulations 2000, â€Å" Fire safety technology can supply an alternate attack to fire safety. It may be the lone practical manner to accomplish a satisfactory criterion of fire safety in some big and complex edifices, and in edifices incorporating different utilizations, e.g. airdrome terminuss †Aspects 1 -Professional behaviousFire technology provides an effectual and efficient fire safety degree for a undertaking design with a lower limit of obstructors. It has to run into the international and national criterions as reference above as in the normative codifications and besides based on the design applied scientists ‘ experience and cognition. Additionally, alternate design considerations may be required based on client demands, i.e. authorities authority.. Fire safety applied scientists design protection system, such as fire sprinklers, pipes alliance, smoke design and direction, fire dismay system, fire sensing system and other particular jeopardies systems. Other than that, fire protection applied scientists ever collaborate to the professional design of structural fire opposition, means of emersion and fire rated building. As undertakings become more complex, and many people become more reliant on fire safety system. It is going more of import and clear that it is good to affect fire safety applied scientists at the earliest phases of design planning, from construct design and through to technology design phases. Benefits of incorporating fire technology into the nucleus design include a greater grade of design flexibleness, better fire safety solutions, a maximization between cost and the benefits it provides and the higher possibility for invention design and building. Conversely, if no fire protection applied scientists are invol ved in the undertaking squad until fire technology jobs are identified, holds can ensue as the fire protection applied scientist analyzes the job and develops solutions. At this phase there may be design options are likely to be more stiff than if fire technology input was more in the construct phase, and clip spent on old blessing phases will necessitate to be overcome once more as if big adequate alterations to plan has occurred which necessitates extra reappraisals and blessings. It is likely that design solutions from the fire applied scientists may be met with opposition to alter by squad members from other subjects, given that the design is at such a ulterior phase. By the usage of public presentation base blessing, a good balance of cost and safety issues allows for the decrease of building cost monetary value and frequently gives the designer and/or developer more freedom as to the in their design/construction of the structure.. Aspects 2 – Validation of patterning Validation is the procedure of finding the grade of understanding between manner anticipation and existent universe events ( Gritzo, L.A. , Senseny P.E. , Xin Y. and Thomas, J.R. , 2005 ) . The end of proof is to quantify assurance in the prognostic capableness of the theoretical account. Therefore the appraisal of theoretical account proof between theoretical account result and experimental consequences is really of import. It is because the truth of fire behaviour anticipation is extremely depending on the fire probe or fire modeling trial. Harmonizing to the fire safety diary ( Joyeux, D, 2002 ) , experimental probe of fire door behavior during a natural fire, it was indicated that they are over designed comparison to the thermic conventional fire and the natural fire. The consequences of the existent fire testing determined that the standard fire does non stand for a realistic representation of constructing constituent under existent fire. Besides the fire opposition clip demand does non match to the behavior of constructing constituent in existent fire. Modeling is of import for public presentation base design, as a professional fire applied scientist, patterning improves our cognition about fire component behavior and natural fire state of affairss.DecisionIn decision, fire safety technology has evolved significantly, and presents undertaking design has matured in its attitude about the development and probe of fire events. As a professional fire applied scientist, the above standards of ethical thought such as professional behavior and proof of patterning must be identified and discussed. Besides the above ethical facet, other subject such as public information, professional ordinance and safety versus cost can be considered for farther survey.

The Debate Over The Generation - 1460 Words

Everyone’s been there; extended family gathered around the dinner table discussing life when someone makes the notorious comment; â€Å"Get off your phone, your generation, all you care about is technology!† The debate over Millennials being inadequate and too technology based has become frequent, the common argument from adults being that all Millennials care about is their phone. Yet adults have frequently stated this as they glance up from their phone as their fingers rapidly tap away on a screen. Adults can not continue to blame technology for Millennials â€Å"lack† of knowledge when they were the ones who raised us this way. Furthermore, contrary to belief, if anything technology has furthered Millennials growing intelligence, not damaged it. Therefore, although technological advances have been made, the common belief that Millennials are the dumbest generation is invalid due to the fact that millennials literacy and overall intelligence is increasing while the rigor of classes is skyrocketing. Technology seems to be the pinpoint of the argument of millennials being â€Å"dumb.† Millennials are always on their phone. Anytime something negative happens it always seems to relate back the that dumb phone. Yet contrary to this, technology has increased millennials intelligence levels, due to the fact that the â€Å"digital world lowers barriers to self-directed learning† (Mizuko Ito Al.). Instead of spending hours in libraries, paging through books trying to find evidence for a researchShow MoreRelatedEssay about An Army of One: Me1728 Words   |  7 Pagesbe accomplished successfully. These processes are related to those that society must be willing to take in order to achieve a desired goal, otherwise known as the ‘struggle’. 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It also requires any public agency to haveRead MoreAnissia Gonzalez . Written Communications. Immigration.1231 Words   |  5 Pagesinforms people of new things they were not previously aware. The term â€Å"education† originated from Latin word â€Å"educare† which means to â€Å"bring up.† Education aims at developing all the parts of a person s mind. Immigration has a great impact on first generation immigrants. Studies show that acculturation and assimilation have wide-ranging effects on the groups involved, but mostly on the immigrants lives. A large part of a person’s social skills are acquired through the process of education. SocializationRead MoreThe Decline Of Full-Time Job Opportunities For Generation Y And Z1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe situation in Canadian Labour market is serious for generation Y and Z. Compared with the last generation, more issues happened to generation Y and Z who work or attempt to work in Canada: Many of them only find jobs that are lower salary and less stable; Many youths that belong to generation Y and Z cannot find a long-term full-time job with high salary and good welfare, therefore they have to keep several short-term, low-protected and low-wage part-time jobs at the same time to support themselves(

Christianity And Its Impact On Society - 2276 Words

Christianity and the impact it has placed in society has shaped and stripped, modified and divided, comforted and enlightened the world. Christianity has managed to delve into every aspect of human life. Christianity is in our way of life—science, education, technology and arts and has created the environment of religious belief which managed to engrain its’ ideals into a social, political and educational belief. A religion such as Christianity is the foundation from which society lives, breathes and thinks on. There are many that dispute this yet there is some insight and relevance on how our freedom, choices and laws embody Christianity and it has done so since the beginning and still does so in the present. According to Rodney Stark it is, â€Å"Christianizing the Empire† (The Triumph of Christianity, 2011). And it is from which the past, present and future empires stands upon. The importance of understanding how Christianity blanketed humanity gives us a different view that is aided by evidence that it bears truth to its meaning. The world we live in, society and culture in general has been driven by religion for thousands of years. Christianity historically has played a significant role in shaping the modern day of society and culture. It is in the currency we use, the book in which we pledge our truth and honor to, and the obedience, hesitance and laws in our everyday decisions in life. A very revealing and captivating set of research has publicized this toShow MoreRelatedChristianity And Its Impact On Society Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pages In our modern society, religion can either promote positive, optimistic actions or negative, destructive ones. From Christianity to Daoism, each different religion shapes the lives of its followers. 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Although they have different views on Gods and the creation events, the foundationRead MoreChristianity And Its Impact On Society2278 Words   |  10 Pagesreligion ,which was appealing because it was one of the first religions to show life after death. This religion was Catholicism. This religion has overcame many obstacles to come at where it is today. Catholicism , the la rgest self-religion branch in christianity, can be explained through the History of Catholicism, the faith of Catholicism, and the structure of the mass and church. The history of Catholicism was long and persecuted religion, that has a history dating back to the times of Jesus. The CatholicsRead MoreThe practises, beliefs and values of Christianity and Islam have an impact on Australia society;1600 Words   |  7 Pagesvalues of Christianity and Islam have an impact on Australia society; however, the media exploits the perceived tension between the two groups which has led to discrimination and violence. Over many years the way of which an individual lives their life has been shown to be affected by the religion of which they follow. This affects the way of life throughout the community surrounding these people, as well as having an impact on the social issues throughout this particular community. Christianity has aRead MoreRomes Contribution to Todays Society Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesContribution to Todays Society Wars of conquest, the birth of democracy and the foundation of modern civilization characterized the Roman era. However, the eras single most important contribution to modern society was Romes adoption of Christianity. Christianity, having its foundational roots in Judaism, was born in the midst of the Roman era. It has shaped todays society on many different levels with varying degrees of legal, political and sociological implications. Christianity was an outgrowthRead MoreA Great Period Of Time1528 Words   |  7 Pagesmain source of knowledge. 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It is a religion shaped entirely around Jesus’ personal philosophies and ideologies that has forever shaped the course of human history. In order to appreciate the importance of Christianity, first an understanding of the religion itself must be reached. The Christian church teaches that there is one God who created everything. AlthoughRead MoreWomen Role in Christianity and Islam996 Words   |  4 Pagesin Christianity today depends almost entirely upon the context in which women find themselves or choose to be involved in.More conservative Bible-believing women will tend their participation in church leadership etc.The modern womens rights movement has had a dramatic impact on the role of women in Christian churches. Women in Christianity is a vast and complex subject with multiple dimensions as Christianity is one of the largest religions in the world practiced in different societies and

Morality in Ethan Frome Essay examples - 705 Words

Morality in Ethan Frome In The Morality of Inertia, Lionel Trilling argues that Ethan Frome’s inability to make his own ethical decisions ultimately makes his ‘smash-up’ a tragic event caused by the inactivity of morality. The nonexistence of this moral inertia is the explanation, for Trilling, for the outcome of Frome; the lack of moral responsibility in any of the main characters from the beginning of their lives paralyzes their decision making process-- they simply exist and do what is their duty. Trilling’s aspect that Frome was a morally inadequate man is a valid fact affirmed by Edith Wharton’s provided background of him; the idea that he was unable to make choices and is only capable of enduring can be proven inaccurate with†¦show more content†¦Although Frome can be held responsible for his moral inactivity, he can be considered a morally inadequate man in his present state. His inadequacy, however, was not a constant in life or a sudden occurrence-- it snowballed from his youth and finally solidified through the ‘smash-up’. His earlier experiences in a university and the joy it brought him was quickly interrupted after a year by his sickly parents. The unfortunate circumstance forces Ethan Frome to move back to the depressing Starkfield he had just escaped. His parents’ illnesses bring along Zenobia, who would be another future, unseen oppression along with Starkfield. For years, Ethan lives in depressing conditions that decline as time goes on. The chance to finally leave them behind, however, comes in Mattie, Zenobia’s cousin and maid. Ethan’s inability to act on this chance of escape finally seals his fate when Mattie is paralyzed and he is critically injured. Although jinxed with unfortunate circumstances, Ethan Frome’s life could have been bettered if one small step or action was taken by him for himself with the intention to create personal joy or pleasu re. The importance of taking steps in life betterment can be seen in Ethan Frome. Although one may lack a history of â€Å"making moral decisions,† the human instinct to do so is always there (from MoralityShow MoreRelated Essay on Whartons Ethan Frome: Ethan Frome as Fairy Tale750 Words   |  3 PagesEthan Frome as Fairy Tale    Edith Whartons Ethan Frome is vividly real to its readers, its issues continually relevant to society, but through its structure and moral lessons, it is intended to be read as a fairy tale. Elizabeth Ammons discusses this fairy tale in her article Ethan Frome as a Fairy Tale, explaining that the novel is a vision of the narrators. As evidenced by the introductory chapter, the narrator truly has few clues as to the real story of Ethan Frome, and theseRead MoreEthan Frome Character Analysis770 Words   |  4 PagesThe Flaw of Frome Ethan Frome by Elizabeth Wharton is a short novel describing the life and downfall of Ethan Frome, as told by the man himself to an intrigued narrator spending the winter in Starkfield, Massachusetts. Ethan Frome, like many other protagonists, is burdened with a fatal flaw; This imperfection, his love for his wife’s caregiver and niece Mattie, leads to the loss of his wife and a tragic accident leaving him scarred and lame. We are introduced to Frome as the narrator spots him atRead MoreDesire Vs. Morality And Duty3154 Words   |  13 PagesSection I: Theme Desire vs. Morality and Duty: Throughout the novel, Ethan seems to struggle with managing his desire for Mattie and his duty as a husband. This theme is apparent throughout the entirety of the novella. It starts before the book even begins. Ethan, in the first chapter, admits to often walking Mattie, his wife’s cousin, home just to spend few minutes alone with her. However it is first mentioned in the book when Ethan is standing alone, just watching Mattie dance. He knows he hasRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Ethan Frome 1453 Words   |  6 Pageslarger part of the novel than it is. However, the setting of Starkfield in Ethan Frome is different in that the depiction of Starkfield is integral to one’s understanding of the underlying motives and feelings of the characters in the novel. The â€Å"accumulated cold of many Starkfield winters† (Wharton 5) tangibly affects the personalities and actions of Ethan, Zeena, and Mattie, mostly negatively. The character of Ethan Frome is first introduced to us via an unnamed narrator, who is an engineer temporarilyRead MoreTheme and Symbol in Ethan Frome1357 Words   |  6 PagesDivided between the two women, Ethan Frome is a highly confused man. He seeks to find some â€Å"ease and freedom† represented by Mattie, but society would not allow him to do so. Society instead compels him to accept its burden represented for him in the shape of Zeena, although it means the ruin of his life. The social pressure, whether it takes the form of conventional morality or any other forms, offers Ethan blind opposition at every turn, leashing his actions â€Å"like the jerk of a chain† (p.3). AwareRead MoreMajor Works Data Sheet2079 Words   |  9 PagesMajor Works Data Sheet Advanced Placement Literature and Composition | |Biographical Information about the Author: | |Title: Ethan Frome | | | |Edith Wharton wasRead MoreA Futile Love Between Ethan Frome, By Edith Wharton2013 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Shallow men believe in luck or in circumstance. Strong men believe in cause and effect.† (Ralph Waldo Emerson). In the novel Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton, it tells a story of a futile love between Ethan Frome and Mattie Silver. Ethan Frome was born on a farm in Starkfield, Massachusetts and has spent nearly the totality of his life there. He went away to college at Worchester but begrudgingly, returned after his father’s death and stayed to take care of his mother whose health was rapidlyRead MoreEssay on Edith Whartons Ethan Frome1992 Words   |  8 PagesEdith Whartons Ethan Frome Edith Wharton has succeeded in creating a place, which by its very name, is isolated and desolate - a mute melancholy landscape, which unrelentingly consumes those within, preventing them from ever escaping its grasp. Furthermore, Whartons novel delves into the human psyche, to give a glimpse of manipulation and entrapment. The prevailing mood is continually bleak and tragic, with only brief interludes of hope and romance, which are quicklyRead MoreThe American Dream, the Global Nightmare Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans, looking for success as something he is supposed to want, rather than striving toward his individual desire. Thus, the dream now represents some superficial statistic that has nothing to do with true happiness gained by work ethic and morality, but with greed and competition. The dream, in what it represents today, is not able to withstand the impending bite of reality. Just as Gatz finds it almost impossible to be completely satisfied after meeting Daisy, society can just barely hold

Are We on the Same Page free essay sample

My favorite black ink pen sprinted across the spiral notebook page, frantically attempting to keep up with the flood of thoughts seeping through my inspired mind. A meek smile nudged my cheeks as I worked through the page without hesitance, the outer surface of my cupped writing hand bloodied with the thick black ink it danced with. This is how intimate writing and I used to be. Once, a piece of paper, a pen, and a thought-saturated mind were all I needed to connect with a blank page. One word grew to a thousand effortlessly as I revealed my greatest ambitions, my underlying emotions, and my fictional twisted tales to my writing. Presently however, my relationship with writing has become immensely materialistic. A successful reunion with my writing now requires a thesaurus, plenty of erasers if pencil is in use (extra white-out if using pen), and piles of notebook paper to adhere to my crumple-and-toss mistakes; all in hopes that I can conjure a good conversation, paired with the appropriate words to describe my thoughts. We will write a custom essay sample on Are We on the Same Page? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Needless to say, our relationship has become awkward. I find myself halting at every half-sentence due to a shortage of words to depict my ideas. The days of my pen dancing cheerfully along-side my paper have become few and far between. I’m having what some relationship therapists may refer to as a â€Å"falling out† with writing. We encounter each other when necessary, like walking past an old friend you’ve grown apart from in the school hallways. This â€Å"falling out† with writing has been the greatest academic and personal obstacle I’ve reached thus far. I carry a hope that someday we will be able to regain the friendship we once had.

The Effectiveness of Hip Hop in Urban Teacher Education free essay sample

This study draws from a qualitative study of ten Black male K-12 teachers from the Hip Hop Generation who are closely connected to Hip Hop culture and have been effective in addressing the academic and social needs of Black boys. Through an analysis of their social, educational and cultural experiences, this study highlights two organizing principles drawn from Hip Hop Culture-?(a) Call to Service (b) Resistance to Social Injustice-?which profoundly shaped the teaching Identities of these Black men.In the study It discusses the Implications of these principles for nationalizing and creating teaching and learning environments that are supportive for Black male teachers and increase the capacity of all teachers to effectively teach diverse student populations. Introduction The purpose of this study Is to conduct an exploratory research class assignment about Hip-hop. The full title of my research is The Effectiveness of Hip Hop in urban Teacher Education; I chose this topic because I h ave observed firsthand how Hip Hop can be used in the classroom. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effectiveness of Hip Hop in Urban Teacher Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hip Hop has become a major tool to use in urban education, particularly as it pertains to training teachers. The idea of using meeting In popular culture for the sake of support instruction Is not new to teacher education. Nevertheless, the academic challenges urban education especially Black male students has made It a necessity to try and recruit more Black men into the teaching field. The feeling is that Blackman can be a great asset in education and can excel in teaching in diverse student population.One response to these feelings has been an increasing focus on Hip Hop and its potential in helping to teach diverse students in an urban setting (Stalls, 2006). Since the origin of Hip Hop more than 40 years ago, it has been demonic and modestly In the field of education and In basic US. Society altogether. It has been described as greatly masculine, sexual, and known to influence criminal behavior. It has been said to promote the lack of personal and academic growth and development of urban youth.Now these are the ideas of the old folks, but Hip Hop has been commodities and sold to young people of all background by the media and entertainment industry, and it has been packaged as an instructional tool for One thing that we can determine as it pertains to teaching and fact would be thats its a calling, everyone cant teach. The statement that teaching is a calling speaks to the heart of the teacher and it address a caring yielding positive socio- emotional outcomes for students of color are motivated by the connection the teacher has towards that student.It is very much factual that the type of momentum that will be needed to attract and sustain teachers in an urban will require teachers that have teaching as a calling and not Just as a profession. The participants in this study believe that as educators, Black men play a big role in helping Black man youth overcome the challenges they face in urban schools as ell as urban communities. In teaching urban students, it is very important to know that there is no magical curriculum: there is no magical school building. The magic is in you, the people (Bridges, 2009, p. 175) Literature Review 1. Oakum, A. A. (2009). Critical hip hop pedagogy as a form of liberator praxis. Equity Excellence in Education, 42 (1), 52-66. From Oakums article I gain a better understand of what hip-hop really is, and what it means to people. For my methodology its best to understand what hip-hop is before trying to abstract mainstream and alternative as subcultures. Without a basic foundation of understanding on a subject it would hard to build and generate new information to support it.Oakums writings also dwell on teaching with hip-hop from a critical standpoint. Some of the subject terms in the teaching are equality and racism. I find out if these terms also appear in the subcultures of hip-hop, mainly mainstream and alternative hip-hop. 2. Forman, M. (1995). Media from and cultural space: negotiating rap fanzines. Journal of Popular Culture, 29 (2), 171-188. Formants article in Journal of popular culture covers the wealth of rap and hip-hop financially. Forman gives examples of way hip-hop music grosses large sums of money without mainstream acceptance.The article goes on to talk about how teenagers boast much of the revenue brought in by hip-hop music and paraphernalia, coining the term a youth culture. Overall, the article describes rap and hip-hop as being dominate fixtures in the cultural economy. Leaders of this hip-hop cultural influence Forman noted from 1995 are Biz Marie, Heavy D, and Public Enemy. In my opinion the cultural status-crow has changed, and mainstream industries no longer ignores but embraces rap and hip-hop music. . Keno, M. (2000). Under ground: what does it really mean anyway;ay?Billboard, 112 (14), 38. This article helps me to better understand what separates underground/alternative hip-hop from the so called mainstream. Keno writes that hip-hop was once all an underground genre. Hip-hop gained mainstream popularity when the hip-hop industry started making millions, along with controversial and rebellious groups such as NNW. With input from Chris Schwartz (CEO of Ruff nation) the article points at a new underground that doesnt always involve the millions of dollars and political controversies.Keno highlights mainstream as having more noise and less music and lacking traditional hip-hop values. One aspect of traditional values is being that the artist is more available to his/her listeners through personal appearances and live performances. 4. Marsh, P. K. (2010). Our generation is opening its eyes: hip-hop and youth identity in contemporary Mongolia. Central Asian Survey, 29 (3), 345-358. From Peter Marshs reaches. Marsh explains how Mongolia is gaining a new cultural identity through popular music. He states that hip-hop is gaining influence in post-socialisticMongolia, but is it mainstream or alternative hip-hop whose long arm reaches half- way across the world to uplift this new Mongolia generation. In the article Marsh gives input from local Mongolia rap artist that tell how hip-hop has inspired them and in return inspired their nation from their rebellious bad boy lyrics. Nevertheless, hip-hop (a form of music that was once smuggled into the country), is now changing the course of the Mongolia politically and socially. Methodology When thinking about the current context of urban education and the national initiative to increase the numbers of Black man teachers in U.S. Public schools, it is an opportune time for teacher education to capitalize on the relationship between Black men, urban youth, and Hip Hop culture. This study draws from a qualitative study of 25 Black male K-12 teachers from the Hip Hop Generation who are closely connected to the Hip Hop culture. They all have a good success rate when addressing the social and academic needs of Black boys. By using an analysis of their social, educational and cultural experiences, this study highlights two organizing principles drawn from Hip Hop culture.A call to service, and a resistance to Hip Hop injustice which shapes the teachers identities of these Black men educators (Lynn, 1999). My interest in re-conceptualizing Hip Hop and re-imaging Black men as conduits for reformation in urban teacher education undergrads the fundamental belief in their collective capacities to encourage urban youth to make meaning of, and more unity engage in, their educational Journeys where creating classroom contexts that normalize their orientations towards service to humanity, self-awareness, social justice, and community activism.Therefore, the two organizing principals of Hip Hop discussed in this art not only frame the pedagogical orientations of the Black male teachers in this study, but they also rep resent principals that should be used to support the intellectual, social, and personal development of urban youth. Three scholars who Vive referenced in my research are Oakum A, Forman A, and Keno M. From Oakums article I gain a better understand of what hip-hop really is, and what it means to people. For my methodology its best to understand what hip-hop is before trying to abstract mainstream and alternative as subcultures.Without a basic foundation of understanding on a subject it would hard to build and generate new information to support it. Oakums writings also dwell on teaching with hip-hop from a critical standpoint. Some of the subject terms in the teaching are equality and racism. I find out if these terms also appear in the subcultures of hip-hop, mainly mainstream and alternative hip-hop. Formants article in Journal of popular culture covers the wealth of rap and hip-hop financially. Forman gives examples of way hip- hop music grosses large sums of money without mainstream acceptance. The article goes on to talk about how teenagers boast much of the revenue brought in by hip- hop music and paraphernalia, coining the term a youth culture. Overall, the article describes rap and hip-hop as being dominate fixtures in the cultural economy. Leaders of this hip-hop cultural influence Forman noted from 1995 are NNW, Chuck D, and KIRKS-I . In my opinion the cultural status-crow has changed, and mainstream acceptance, an educator can move strategies from Hip Hop into the classroom instruction.Kenos article helps me to better understand what separates underground/alternative hip-hop from the so called mainstream. Keno writes that IP-hop was once all an underground genre. Hip-hop gained mainstream popularity when the hip-hop industry started making millions, along with controversial and rebellious groups such as NNW. With input from Chris Schwartz (CEO of Ruff nation) the article points at a new underground that doesnt always involve the millions of dollars and political controversies. Keno highlights mainstream as having more noise and less music and lacking traditional hip-hop values.One aspect of traditional values is being that the artist is more available to his/her listeners through personal appearances and live performances The design that Vive chosen for y research is content analysis because my topic mostly consists of opinion based research from scholars and experts from a specific field or industry. I will not be performing in-depth interviews or surveys because my research deals with the analyzing of music content rather than statistical information. The types of questions that I would utilize in my research are; what are the key differences that separate mainstream hip-hop from alternative.The only samplings that will be used in my research are the articles that I review that have i n-depth research on my topic. Also, to better explain and describe my topic I will utilize audio and video implications for each of the sub-genres in my topic. Expected Conclusion The goal of this study in understanding Hip Hop as grounded in principles services, self-awareness, and sociopolitical resistance, is to humanism, and elevate the experiences and cultural expression of Black men and American boys and throughout the world.The study sought to analyze Hip Hop as a framework that provides Black youth to engage in critical thinking about their lives. In the study, the voices of the part pants echoed the same thing, thats its imperative to attract Black en to the teaching profession and to make deeper and more meaningful connection with Black male students. The study gave suggested implication for establishing learning environment that are supportive for Black males teachers, and that in tell will increase the capacity of all teachers to teach effectively in an urban school setting.The first suggest implication deals with prospective teachers in an urban setting. Teachers education must move away from focusing greatly on standardized t est scores and college grade point average as a selection criterion for accepting prospective students into teaching programs. Instead there should be a calling for teacher who are deeply invested and closely connected to urban communities. Using test scores only as a recruitment measure, limits the search and give us limited access to those who may be the most affective at teaching urban youth.The next suggestion implication deals with recruitment of teachers in a school setting. Historically Black college and universities (Hubbubs), community college, and alternative certification programs would provide K-12 schools access to Black men who may have otherwise overlooked teaching as a viable profession. Organization such as Black fraternities and religious conferences attract Black men who may have otherwise overlooked teaching as a money making profession. Help with educating Black male youth.Same sex classroom, where Black men and boys can truly bond without the other sex to distract. One thing that has been proven overtime and that is boys are heavily influence by the presence of girls. A classroom where Black men engage in traditional curriculum and address the social and personal challenges they faces as a Black youth can be a discussion can cant be measured in value. Reference Oakum, A. A. (2009). Critical hip hop pedagogy as a form of liberator praxis. Equity Excellence in Education, 42 (1), 52-66. Boogie Down Productions. (1989).